What Is the Voltage Drop for 1/0 AWG at 98A and 25 Feet?

1/0 AWG copper carrying 98 amps over 25 feet on a single-phase / DC circuit drops 0.5978 volts (0.4982% on a 120V source). This sits within the 3% branch target and the 5% feeder+branch total target that NEC 210.19(A) Informational Note 4 cites. Both are planning targets, not code requirements.

1/0 AWG, 98A, 25ft · single-phase / DC

0.5978 V drop (0.4982% on 120V)

On 120V circuit0.4982%

On 240V circuit0.2491%

Circuit basis: This uses the single-phase / DC round-trip formula (factor of 2) for the voltage drop across the two circuit conductors. For a three-phase line-to-line run use the three-phase version of the page (append ?type=3ph). Switch to the three-phase version →

Gauge

1/0 AWG

Amps

Feet

Drop @ 120V

0.60V (0.50%)

Assumes a 120V source on a single-phase / DC circuit. Use the circuit-basis link above to switch between single-phase/DC and three-phase.

Voltage Drop Formula (single-phase / DC)

V_drop = (2 × L × I × R) ÷ 1000

(2 × 25 × 98 × 0.122) ÷ 1000 = 0.5978 V

DC and single-phase AC use the round-trip factor of 2. Current travels out to the load on one conductor and returns on another.

For a three-phase circuit at the same amps and distance, see the three-phase version (uses √3 instead of 2, so the drop is about 13.4% lower).

Percentage

%VD = (V_drop ÷ V_source) × 100

On 120V: (0.5978 ÷ 120) × 100 = 0.4982%

On 240V: (0.5978 ÷ 240) × 100 = 0.2491%

How This Estimate Changes with Run Length and Gauge

Gauge Check

1/0 AWG clears the 3% drop target at these inputs. A smaller conductor may also meet it with less margin. See the minimum gauge for this load and distance.

Impact of Distance

Voltage drop is proportional to distance. Here is 1/0 AWG at 98A at different distances:

Distance	Drop (V)	% on 120V	% on 240V	NEC (120V)
25ft	0.5978V	0.4982%	0.2491%	OK
50ft	1.2V	0.9963%	0.4982%	OK
75ft	1.79V	1.49%	0.7472%	OK
100ft	2.39V	1.99%	0.9963%	OK
150ft	3.59V	2.99%	1.49%	OK
200ft	4.78V	3.99%	1.99%	Caution
300ft	7.17V	5.98%	2.99%	Past 5%

Same Run, Different Wire Gauges

How does wire gauge affect voltage drop for 98A at 25 feet on 120V single-phase / DC? Only gauges whose branch-circuit OCP cap is at or above the 98A load are listed, since thinner gauges would fail the ampacity check before drop even matters.

Gauge	Drop (V)	% on 120V	% on 240V	3% Target (120V)
1/0 AWG	0.5978V	0.4982%	0.2491%	OK
2/0 AWG	0.4738V	0.3949%	0.1974%	OK
3/0 AWG	0.3753V	0.3128%	0.1564%	OK
4/0 AWG	0.2979V	0.2483%	0.1241%	OK
250 kcmil	0.2524V	0.2103%	0.1051%	OK
300 kcmil	0.2102V	0.1752%	0.0876%	OK

Related Calculations

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is the voltage drop for 1/0 AWG at 98A and 25ft?expand_more

1/0 AWG carrying 98A over 25ft has a 0.5978V drop (0.4982% on 120V). Reference: 0.2491% on 240V.

Why does distance affect voltage drop?expand_more

Voltage drop is proportional to distance. The formula multiplies by 2 × the distance (out and back). Doubling the run doubles the drop.

Does 1/0 AWG meet the 3% drop target at 98A and 25ft on 120V?expand_more

On 120V, this run sits at 0.4982%, which is within the 3% branch and 5% feeder+branch total drop targets. NEC 210.19(A) Informational Note 4 cites 3% for branch circuits and 5% for total feeder+branch drop as performance recommendations, not hard code requirements.

What wire gauge should I use instead of 1/0 AWG for this run?expand_more

1/0 AWG already sits within the 3% branch-circuit drop target at these inputs (0.4982% on 120V). Going to a larger gauge is only useful if you want more headroom for future load growth, longer runs, or tighter drop targets like the 5% feeder+branch total recommendation used in sensitive or motor-heavy installations.

Is voltage drop worse on 120V or 240V?expand_more

Same wire, same amps, same distance: the volts dropped are identical. But the percentage is worse on 120V because the drop is a larger fraction of the source voltage. This run would be 0.2491% on 240V versus 0.4982% on 120V.

This calculator provides estimates for reference purposes only. Always consult a licensed electrician and verify compliance with the National Electrical Code (NEC) and local electrical codes before performing any electrical work.